- BLAKE, William
(1757-1827)
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Visionary
- William Blake British poet, illustrator,
draughtsman, engraver, writer and visionary.
He completed (1779) his 7-year apprenticeship
as an engraver with James Basire, and engraving remained his basic livelihood. Blake also studied for a brief time at the R.A. In 1783 he
married Catherine Boucher, his
beloved and
constant companion. Friends such as the sculptor Flaxman supported the publication of Poetical
Sketches (1783) but after Sony of
Innocence
(1789) Blake printed his own works by a process
(duplicated in experiments by Ruthven Todd,
S. W. Hayter and Joan Miro) of relief etching
of the text and the surrounding design, printing in coloured inks often with retouching in
paint. Another very successful technique was
colour printing by superimposed impressions
from millboard.
Blake lived mainly in London, but
between 1800 and 1803 worked at Felpham,
the estate of William Hayley, for whom Blake was
engraving some poems. While he was at
Felpham an argument with a soldier brought Blake
on trial on a sedition charge, but he was acquitted. The poverty of his last years was relieved
by the discipleship of such young painters as
Palmer and Calvert, and commissions
from
another young friend, John Linnell, for Blake's
engravings of Illustrations of the Book of Job
(1825) and 100-odd watercolours to Dante's
Divine Comedy. All Blake's work is infused with his
intense imagination and visionary experiences;
he claimed regular visits from heavenly emissaries. The powerful images of his engravings
and paintings display his admiration of
Michelangelo (e.g. in their distorted anatomy),
Raphael and Durer; but he rejected the academic traditions represented by
Reynolds and
the R.A. and the Venetian colourists, as at once
too vague and too material. His rebellion
against accepted contemporary artistic theories
parallels his political radicalism and religious
unorthodoxy. He rejoiced in the French
and American revolutions and his spiritual
explorations, and his disgust with injustice and
hypocrisy strengthened by his contacts with the
radical circle of Paine and Godwin, are
reflected in the prose satire The Marriage
of
Heaven and Hell (1790-3), the poem coll. Songs
of Innocence and Experience (1789-94), and such
poems as The French Revolution and
America, a
Prophecy (1793). In Blake's religious system, God is
a vengeful terrible power (Urizen); Jesus the
embodiment of humanity (Ore); and the
virtues which derive from the human principle
in its fullest and highest manifestation are Los,
the male, Enitharmon, the female. Blake's works
include the long poems Milton (1840-8) and
Jerusalem, The Emanation of the Giant Albion
(1804; the verse prophetic books The
Everlasting Gospel (c. 1818), the Book of Thel
(1789), The Song of Los and Vala or the Four Zoas
(1797-1804).
- Source: The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art and Artists (World of Art)
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